The cv was designed for use with liquid flows, it expresses the flow in gallons per minute of 60. Operating costs are reduced by no moving parts, fail safe operation and low maintenance. Traditionally, the flow of natural gas has been measured by a combination of pressure transducers, smart transmitters, and flow computers. National standards for high pressure natural gas flow. Insertion style thermal mass flow meters for larger natural gas lines and inline thermal flow meters for smaller gas lines monitor and control inlet flow to boilers, furnaces and heaters.
Because gas is compressible, its volume varies significantly with changes in temperature and pressure. Fundamentals of natural gas water vapor measurement page 4 of 4 1. To calculate the energy flow, the flow computer needs information on gas composition percentage of methane and heavy hydrocarbons, as well as any nitrogen and carbon dioxide and density. Precision natural gas flow measurement using coriolis technology abstract coriolis meters have gained worldwide acceptance in liquid applications since the early 1980s with a worldwide installed.
A guide for operators and engineers dattabarua, lohit on. Fundamentals of ultrasonic flow meters mike scelzo, steve milford, nick mollo, jed matson ge infrastructure sensing 1100 technology park drive billerica, ma 01821 natural gas flow meter. Training natural gas orifice measurement technicians 0114. Pdf multipath ultrasonic transit time flow meters usms are today extensively used by industry for volumetric flow metering of natural gas, for.
Cnimtm series gas turbine discharge meter belongs to the gas flow measuring instrument with high precision, are widely used in town gas industry and trade measurement flow meter using innovative. In the medical market, gasflow measurements are critical in anesthesia delivery, chromatography, sleep apnea, spirometers, and ventilators. Fundamentals of ultrasonic flow metering of natural gas. The basic theories on pressure and temperature compensation were. How to measure natural gas coon rapids municipal utilities.
In the medical market, gas flow measurements are critical in anesthesia delivery, chromatography, sleep apnea, spirometers, and ventilators. This reference focuses on applied concepts for effective measurement and control of gas flow in chemical process, power, and. Selecting flow meters for natural gas fiscal measurement emerson. The flow rate measurements based on orifice meters are less accurate 12% urv but the orifice plates are the most widely used devices in natural gas flow. Different parts of the natural gas delivery chain require different instruments, such as differential pressure dp, ultrasonic, and coriolis flowmeters. Gas flow conversions mass, standard, actual calculator.
Gases and compressed air air, lng, lpg and other common gas properties, pipeline capacities, sizing of relief valves. Our standard stock configurations come with 114 connections. As a single integrated dp flow meter, the fullyassembled rosemount 9175 reduces assembly costs and installation time while conforming to regulatory requirements. This paper will discuss the theory of operation, application, maintenance, and provide examples of coriolis meter application in gas measurement. Fundamentals of ultrasonic flow meters mike scelzo, steve milford, nick mollo, jed matson ge infrastructure sensing 1100 technology park drive billerica, ma 01821 natural gas flow meter history although they are considered relatively new, transittime ultrasonic flow meters for natural gas measurement date back more than 25 years. Sage prime is the latest addition to our family of high performance thermal mass flow meters. Pdf influence of natural gas composition on gas flow. Standard conditions are synonymous with the term base conditions or normal conditions. Pdf gas flowrate measurement using a transittime multi. The honeywell american meter al425 is a diaphragm gas meter with an odometer index that r. Flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry.
The isentropic exponents for both the pure methane and the hypothetical natural gas mixture have been calculated and the results are given in fig. Sage metering is a premium source for monitoring, measuring and controlling the gas mass flow of industrial processes, building management systems and environmental applications. The flow rate measurements based on orifice meters are less accurate 12% urv but the orifice plates. Uncertainty of the energy content in natural gas flow. This spreadsheet makes calculations with the weymouth equation, the panhandle a equation, and the panhandle b equation, and is available in either u. The energy content of natural gas and other forms of energy i. To measure larger amounts of natural gas, a therm is used to denote 100 cubic feet, and mcf is used to denote 1,000 cubic feet. Introduction of new technology will be stifled if standards for the technology are not put in. The implications and potential problems associated with flow measurement of natural gas apply to most if not all metering technologies, albeit in different ways. Spink, 1975 9th edition, published by the foxboro company. Even though standard conditions are not clearly stated, the application natural gas may dictate the use of a tariff containing certain standard conditions inferring a mass measurement. Natural gas quality gas analysis for constituents and contaminants.
Environmental and commercial drivers have made flow testing and flow calibration essential to control what flows. In addition, thermal flow meters monitor the air mass flow supply distributed throughout the building. Liquefied natural gas lng is a vital method of transporting and storing natural gas in places where pipelines are not feasible. Issues and challenges the gas industry is very receptive to more cost effective measurement technology. Standard for mass measurement of natural gas liquids and. Fundamentals of natural gas water vapor measurement. American meteral425 natural gas flow meter 425,000 btuhour. For this reason, accurate and repeatable measurement of natural gas flow requires simultaneous measurement of several other variables, including pressure, temperature, density, and gas composition. Aga gas measurement manual revised, general part no.
Precision natural gas flow measurement using coriolis technology abstract coriolis meters have gained worldwide acceptance in liquid applications since the early 1980s with a worldwide installed base of around 300,000 units. Failure to control energy costs cuts deeply into the bottom line. The new flowsic500 ultrasonic compact gas meter provides accurate metering in natural gas distribution. Pdf flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry. Flow testing and flow calibration dnv gl labs dnv gl. General flow equation aga method weymouth panhandle a panhandle b igt equation. Fundamentals of ultrasonic flow metering of natural gas american. Natural gas flow gas flow measurement involves measuring the volume flow rate andor total volume over time of fuel gasses e.
From the production site to the point of consumption. F water with a pressure drop across the valve of 1 psi. Flare gas and venting measurement rheotherm flow meters and flow switches provide highly repeatable monitoring of natural gas flow rates. Significant advances have been made over the past couple of decades with respect to flow metering technology applicable to natural gas transmission. Recruiting measurement personnel finding personnel suited for field measurement work is an especially challenging task for human resources, even in times of lower demand.
Natural gas is usually measured by volume and is stated in cubic feet. Natural gas flow measurement and monitoring using mass flow. Computation of natural gas flow rate using a spreadsheet ayoade kuye and uzoma ezuma department of chemical engineering, university of port harcourt, pmb 5323, port harcourt, nigeria email. Flowsic 100 gas flow measurement gas flow measuring. For oil and gas production and distribution flow assurance is key.
Measuring gas flow with mems sensors electronic products. Natural gas is a product of nature whose composition, density, and heating value vary from location to location see notes on natural gas composition on page 3. There are several gas phase species that make a safety related measurement. The natural gas isentropic exponent calculation procedure, outlined in table 2, has been embedded into the software object com object, which can be easily included into the new. The new flowsic500 ultrasonic compact gas meter provides accurate. Fundamentals of pressure and temperature measurement. In the industrial sector, gas flow measurement is needed for heating, ventilating and cooling hvac systems and fume hoods. Clean or dirty wet or dry hazardouscorrosive or safe single or multi phase laminar of turbulent varying. A cubic foot of gas is the amount of gas needed to fill a volume of one cubic foot under set conditions of pressure and temperature. Our high performance, nist traceable, thermal mass flow meters increase productivity, reduce energy costs, maximize product yields andor reduce environmental insult.
Flowsic 100 gas flow measuring devices by kelma nv. From the production site to the point of consumption, accurate measurements are vital. Intended for use in making natural gas pipeline design calculations, you can buy a convenient natural gas pipeline flow calculation spreadsheet for a very reasonable price. Gas flow measurement is used for inventory accounting, process plant mass balances, loss prevention, and regulatory as well as fiscal reporting. The customer had no natural gas flow measurement for its standby generators. Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits guidance to the selection, installation and use of coriolis meters mass flow, density and volume flow measurements amendment 1. Industrial natural gas flow meter for measuring and totalizing. Measuring the flow of natural gas to feed the burners is done to control consumption, maintain fuel supply and system reliability. The helmholtz energy is a fundamental thermodynamic property from which all other thermodynamic properties can be calculated as derivatives with respect to molar density or temperature. Gas flow measurement involves measuring the volume flow rate andor total volume over time of fuel gasses e.
Pdf density and calorific value measurement in natural gas using. Although they are considered relatively new, transittime ultrasonic flow meters for natural gas measurement date back more. Coriolis flowmeters provide a direct mass flow measurement by measuring the deflec tion of a vibrating tube. Natural gas meter requesting a new natural gas meter thank you for choosing national grid. Flow measurement natural gas industry buyers guide. Obtaining natural gas samples for analysis by gas chromatography calculation of gross heating value, etc. Calculation of natural gas isentropic exponent sciencedirect. Newer designs have shown greatly improved lowflow sensitivity, lower pressure drop, and immuni. Natural gas is typically measured in terms of its volume at surface conditions and in thermal energy units. Computation of natural gas flow rate using a spreadshee on.
In the gas flow discipline, flowrates are often expressed as flow at standard conditions. The calculation on this page converts between mass flow w, flow at standard conditions q s, and flow at actual flowing conditions q a. The flow rate measurements based on orifice meters are less accurate 12% urv but the orifice plates are the most widely used devices in natural gas flow rate measurements due to their simplicity and robustness. Natural gas is a primary source of electricity generation and heating, accounting for around of 30% of energy usage in the united states for a total of around 22 trillion cubic feet of gas. The procedure follows the redlichkwong solution using the aga81992 extended virialtype characterization equation aga892dc equation for the determination of the compression factor. It is measured by weight only when it is in the liquid state lng. A detailed numerical procedure for the calculation of the isentropic exponent of a natural gas is derived. Flow calculation for gases the coefficient of flow cv is a formula which is used to determine a valves flows under various conditions and to select the correct valve for a flow application. Today, our ultrasonic gas flow measurement systems fluxus g stand their ground in virtually every gas application from produced natural gas to ammonia. Sizing calculation based on general flow equation, aga, weymouth, panhandle a, panhandle b, igt equation. American meteral425 natural gas flow meter 425,000 btu.
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